فصلنامه روان شناسی افراد استثنایی
پیاپی 32 (زمستان 1397)

The purpose of this research is to provide family-centered educational software for assess its effectiveness the reading skills of elementary students with specific learning disability. The population of this research includes all students in third grad of elementary schools in Mashhad learning disabilities who were enrolled in 2018. The sample of 32 patients (group 16) form according to ten Learning Disorders Center at Mashhad systematic random sampling from the list of students from third basic learning disability centers (N = 215) 32 people selected randomly in two experimental and control groups were located. Data collection for this study by examining the cursor (Karami& Moradi, 2005), respectively. The results showed that family-based education software on children's reading performance with reading bakery (F=540/41,P<0/001 ) it is affect. This means that the content of the application as well as the training that was given to families to use it at home were able to improve reading difficulties and disabilities, students with disabilities accelerated reading up.

Specific learning disabilities is neurodevelopmental disorder that maintained influences the academic learning. Various interventional approaches have been used to help of this groups. In recent years assertive technology is one of the most important approaches in this area. The aim of the current research was to study the application of assistive technology in specific learning disabilities area. In the same vein a systematic review study method with use of assistive technology key words includes: Assistive technology, Instructional Technology, Learning Technology about specific learning disabilities includes Learning Disability, Specific Learning Disabilities, Reading disorders or Dyslexia, Dysgraphia or written expression and Dyslexia, and Dyscalculia from web the Data ( Pupmed, Springer, ProQuest, Scopus, Elsevier, Science direct, Google Scholar, Magiran),between1995-2017 was conducted in accordance with research objectives to executed current study. Results revealed that among 52 selected research papers about applying assistive technology in specific learning disabilities areas written expression has the highest frequency (26). Application of assistive technology in mathematic (17) and reading (12) disorders have been carry out. In the same vein, experimental studies (with 79%) are the most frequent among different types of studies. instructional software (with 29 frequency) the most used for individuals with specific learning disabilities. Word processing software (with 6 frequency), Speech recognition technology (with 6 frequency), Word prediction software (with 5 frequency), Speech-to-Text Software, Text-to-Speech Software, Spelling checkers and Organizational and design tools (which of them with 3 frequency), Internet based technology and Dictionary are respectively in the next priority.

Kinship marriages play an important role in the emergence of various types of children's disabilities, which can affect the quality and marital satisfaction of these families. The purpose of this study was to investigate the concerns about having a disabled child and the quality and marital satisfaction of relatives. For this purpose, a review of the original texts including scientific books and scientific articles in this field between 1990 and 2017 was extracted from the Google Scholar, ERIC, Science Direct and Pubmed databases. Searching for these databases was provided by the disabled children in the family, Kinship Marriage, Marital satisfaction, Marital Adjustment, Marital Quality, Children with Developmental Disabilities. Also, some Persian sources used in this field were used. A review of the literature of research has shown that in families with kinship marriages, there is a greater concern and concern than having a disabled child that can affect their quality and marital satisfaction. Also, some studies have shown that quality and marital satisfaction in Kinship families have the greatest impact once they become a child of disability in the family. Based on the literature review,. Generally, kinship due to the implications is sought more by researchers and clinicians and doctors in the field. Other theoretical applications and empirical evidence related to kinship marriage are detailed in the paper

The purpose of this study was to discovering the pathologies of subsystems in families with children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and survey the effectiveness of child parent relationship therapy on discovered problems and empowerment of these families. The present study is a mixed method (qualitative-quantitative). The first part of the research is qualitative in the phenomenological method. The sample consisted of 16 families (27 members) who had the first-hand experience with this phenomenon. The tool was a semi-structured interview, which was analyzed data with Colaizzi method. In the second part of the study, 4 parents (2 mothers and 2 fathers) were selected purposefully and analyzed in a single case method. Qualitative findings included the discovery of pathologies in three subsystems of families and development of an ADHD-based family questionnaire, which included 77 questions with appropriate validity and reliability. Quantitative findings included the significant effectiveness of child parent relationship therapy on family empowerment and the discovered problems in ADHD-based family. The results showed that injuries by ADHD children not only negatively affected each family member but also challenged the family system and confirmed the need of these families to support, supervise, treatment and comprehensive education.

The present study investigated the effect of teaching self-regulation skills on executive functions and social skills of preschool students with mild mental disability. The study used a single-subject experimental and a single baseline design with a two-week post-test follow-up. The target population included all preschool children – 8-10 years of age – with mild mental disability (with IQ between 50 and 70) in Shahrood, Iran, in 2017-18. The sample included four students selected through convenience sampling. Gresham and Elliott's (1999) Social Skills Questionnaire and Coolidge's (2001) Neuropsychological Inventory were completed by the instructors. To train the students, the self-regulation package was employed over eight 45-minute sessions in one month using games, storytelling, and role-plays. To assess the results, visual analysis of the diagrams, the percentage of all non-overlapping data (PAND), and effect size were employed. Therefore, it can be concluded that teaching self-regulation skills is effective in increasing social skills and executive functions students with mild mental disability by improving the ability to plan, self- monitoring and organization in students with mild mental disability.

Working memory is the most important predictor of fluid reasoning. Working memory and fluid reasoning as two complicated cognitive functions have a significant correlation. A large number of studies have confirmed the strong association between working memory and fluid reasoning; however, the hidden variables between them are still unknown. The aim of the present study was to identify the mediating role of processing speed in the relationship between fluid reasoning and working memory among children with dyslexia. This research was a descript4e-correlational study. The statistical population included all students with dyslexia in Mashhad schools, of whom 205 students were selected using convenience sampling method. For collecting data, the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for children–Fourth Edition and the Tehran- Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale were administered. The results of the study showed that: (1) working memory has a significant association with fluid reasoning (P=0/04), (2) only 26/2% of changes in fluid reasoning were influenced by processing speed and working memory, (3) only 11.8% of changes in verbal fluid reasoning were influenced by processing speed and verbal and non-verbal working memory, (4) only 18.2% of changes in non-verbal fluid reasoning were influenced by processing speed and verbal and non-verbal working memory. The present study suggested a significant association between working memory and fluid reasoning but the mediating role of processing speed in the relationship between fluid reasoning and working memory among children with dyslexia hadn’t been confirmed.

This research was done with the goal of studying the role of positive perception and parental stress ‎in prediction of marital in mothers of children with special needs & normal children‏.‏‎ The population ‎of this research was two groups of mothers with normal children and children with special needs. ‎So, 161 mothers were sampled by nonprobability & convenient method. Measurement tools ‎included Parental Stress Scale, Positive Perception Scale and Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale. The ‎relationship between variables and their prediction role were analyzed in the structural model by the ‎AMOS.V24 and the differences between the two groups of mothers were analyzed with ‎independent t-test by the SPSS.V24 software. The results showed that there is a significant negative ‎correlation between parental stress and marital satisfaction and there is a significant positive ‎correlation between positive perception and marital satisfaction. Positive perception has good ‎predictive power for marital satisfaction. The results also showed that there were a significant ‎difference between two groups of mothers in positive perception and parental stress.‎‏ ‏Positive ‎perception to self and one’s abilities can play an effective role in reduction of the stress associated ‎with parenting tasks and increasing marital satisfaction, especially in mothers of children with ‎special needs.‎

The purpose of this study was to investigate effect of practice schedule and frequency of feedback on motor learning in children with developmental coordination disorder. For this purpose, firstly, by screening developmental Wilson questionnaire, as well as teacher's observation inventory, out of 330 male students, 40 children with developmental coordination disorder were identified and in this semi experimental study with pre-test, Post-test, design, along with retention and transfer tests. After the pre-test, the participants were divided into 4 groups with homogeneous groups (random and 33% feedback, random and 100% feedback, blocked and 33% feedback, blocked and 100% feedback), The task was the accuracy of overhand throwing during five sessions. Data were analyzed through mixed ANCOVA as well as Bonferroni post hoc tests at a significance level of 0.05. Results in the acquisition phase indicated that the blocked group was superior to that of the random group, but there was no significant difference between feedback frequencies of 100% and 33% at this phase, in two phases of retention and transfer, a random practice schedule with 33% feedback was better than others. In summary, the results of this study, confirming the challenge point hypothesis, and suggest that challenge point-based methods be used to improve motor learning of children with developmental coordination disorder.

Introduction The life of blinds people have certain needs, concerns and problems. The purpose of this research was to explain and explore all aspects of the life experiences of blind and / or low sighted people. Methodology For this purpose, a qualitative method of phenomenological was used. The statistical population in this study was all couples who were either blind or low-sighted and enrolled in the Yazd Rehabilitation Association and had children and also had passed more than 1 year of their marriage. After an interview with 24 people, the researchers reached saturation and did not get any new context. The data of this qualitative study were evaluated using a 7-step colizzi method. Foundings By scrutiny, the text of all interviews was divided into 321 distinct codes. By reviewing the codes, 40 sub-concepts were extracted. These sub-concepts were included in the seven final concepts. These concepts are: 1- "Follow the instructions of religion and the presence of God in life; 2- "The ability of the blind person and the ability to solve problems"; 3- " The ordinary life of blind people"; 4- "Concerns about the incorrect encounter of society"; 5- "Low self-esteem due to the limits of blindness / low-sightness"; 6- "Unpopular culture and views of the people and unsuitable planning"; and 7- "The realities of the blind / low-sighted people". Conclusions According to these concepts, the society of blind / low-sighted people has the same life quality as the rest of the society.